Introduction

Of all of the cities in Ecuador, Cuenca is arguably the most charming with its cobblestone streets, old-world cathedrals, colonial parks and urban rivers. The famously traditional Cuencanos continue a proud intellectual tradition that has produced more notable writers, poets, artists, and philosophers than anywhere else in Ecuador. Cuencan culture and history are thoroughly represented in the city's many museums. Those seeking culture in Cuenca by day can choose from a variety of bars and restaurants by night. Nightlife in Cuenca ranges from bohemian to upscale. Cuenca is the capital of the Azuay province, the third largest city in Ecuador, and the economic center of the southern Sierra. These distinctions, along with the city's incredibly preserved history, recently earned Cuenca the honor of being listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Trust site. Cuenca's well-preserved history and cultural traditions make it a fascinating tourist destination with a range of hotels and sites of interest.

Cuenca Facts & Statistics

• Full name: Santa Ana de los cuatro ríos de Cuenca
• Capital city of Azuay Province
• Total population of Cuenca Canton: 417,632 inhabitants
• Urban population of Cuenca proper: 267,000 inhabitants
• Altitude: 2500m (8200 ft) above sea level
• Mayor: Marcelo Cabrera Palacios

History

Cuenca's history begins long before the arrival of both the Spanish and the Inca. The city was originally a Cañari settlement called Guapondeleg and is believed to have been founded around 500 AD Guapondeleg translates into "land as big as heaven."

The New Cathedral (Catedral de la Inmaculada) dominates the plaza.

Less than half a century before the conquistadors landed, the Inca, after a bitter struggle, conquered the Cañari and occupied Guapondeleg and the surrounding area. Though the Inca replaced Cañari architecture with their own, they did not exclude the Cañari or their impressive achievements in astronomy and agriculture. Rather, they absorbed these elements of Cañari culture, as was customary when they conquored other cultures.

Shortly after the defeat of the Cañari, the Inca commander, Tupac Yupanqui, ordered the construction of a grand city - Pumapungo, "the door of the Puma" - whose magnificence was to challenge that of the Inca capital of Cuzco. Indigenous people told the Spanish conquorers stories of golden temples and other such wonders, but by the time the Spaniards found the legendary city of Pumapungo, all that remained were ruins, leaving the Spanish to wonder what happened to the fabled splendor and riches of the second Inca capital.

After being abandoned by the Cañari and then the Inca, Cuenca was sparsely populated until the 1550's. The Cuenca that exists today was founded by the Spanish in 1557, which was relatively late, considering southern Ecuador's other major city, Loja, was founded in 1548.

Cuenca's population and importance grew steadily during the colonial era and reached the peak of its importance in the first years of Ecuador's independence; it became the capital of one of the three provinces that made up the nascent republic, the other two capitals were Guayaquil and Quito.

Climate

Like the rest of the Ecuadorian Andes, Cuenca enjoys a mild climate year-round. Days are generally warm and nights are cool enough that you should pack a sweater. The average daily temperature is 14.6 degrees C (58 degrees F). The rainy season is the same as Quito's and generally lasts from mid-October until early May. During this time, mornings are typically sunny and afternoons cloudy with light, periodic showers.

Cuenca's main bus terminal, Terminal Terrestre, is located on Avenida España in the northeast of the city, a twenty-minute walk or a brief taxi ride from the historic center. Buses leave throughout the day, and into the night, destined for Quito, Guayaquil, Loja, Vilcabamba, Riobamba and Machala. The trip to Quito is about 10 hours and costs about $11 USD. Many people prefer to take over-night buses. Panamericana Internacional is the most trusted bus company.

Alternatively, many people fly into Mariscal Lamar Airport, also located on Avenida España.

See our Cuenca transportation and orientation page for details.

On this page: Introduction | History | Climate |